Assessment of Pedometer Counts, Physical Activity Level, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance of Weekdays and Weekend in Male High School S tudents

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity and energy balance of weekdays and weekend in male high school students. Fifty healthy male high school students participated in this study. Anthropometric data were collected. Physical activity level (PAL) and energy intake for weekdays and weekend were calculated from a physical activity diary and food diary using the 24-hour recall method and interview. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) and estimated energy requirement (EER) were calculated from the prediction equations suggested in 2015 KDRIs. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated by multiplying RMR by PAL. Mean age of subjects was 15.9±0.33 years. The daily pedometer counts were significantly higher in the weekdays (12,837 steps) than in weekend (6,661 steps) (P<0.001). The PAL of the weekdays (1.63±0.17) was significantly higher than that (1.37±0.26) of the weekend (P<0.001). PAL was significantly correlated with pedometer counts on the weekdays (r=0.495) and weekend (r=0.686). The total energy intakes (2,847.2±681.5 kcal) and TEE (3,046.3±437.3 kcal) of weekdays were significantly higher than those of the weekend. The results of this study would be useful to develop nutrition and exercise programs for male high school students on weekdays and weekend, respectively.

The Influence on Cardiovascular Mortality of the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Postmenopausal Women / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome components, insulin resistance and central obesity cause type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Women after menopause are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Several researchers studied that in menopause, metabolic syndrome increased cardiovascular mortality. We studied the impact on cardiovascular mortality of postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Twenty four thousand nine hundred forty nine postmenopausal women aged 40 years or older were enrolled at health promotion centers of national university hospital located in 18 regions during 1994-2004. Age, weights, height, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein were evaluated and history taking about alcohol consumption, smoking, and exercise was performed. In addition, subjects who died of cardiac disease were analyzed from January 1995 to December 2009. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome was higher in postmenopausal women with increased in age, BMI, blood pressure (BP), FBG, cholesterol, TG. Thirty cardiac deaths occurred during the observation period. Factors affecting cardiac death were age, smoking, FBG and when age and smoking were controlled. FBG was an important factor affecting cardiovascular mortality in our study. When controlling age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome caused an increased relative risk of cardiovascular mortality. Survival rate was much lower in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women increased cardiovascular mortality.

A case report: Metroplasty of a noncommunicated uterine body and cervix due to unknown etiology / 대한산부인과학회지

Congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract may involve the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, or vagian. Depending on the specific defect, a women's obstetric and gynecologic health may be adversely affected. We have experienced a case of rudimentary uterine horn with noncommunicated uterus complicated by pelvic endometriosis in a 25 years old woman with primary amenorrhea and monthly periodic pelvic pain. We observed noncommunicating uterus with blind pouch, cervix disconnected to uterus with normal appearance, and left ovarian endometrial cyst. For treatment, the metroplastic surgery with end-to end anastomosis connecting cervix and noncommunicated uterus and removal of endometrial cyst were done. Many cases of uterine anomalies have been documented but, there have been few reported cases of noncommunicated uterus with disconnected cervix and successful performance of the metroplasty. Thus hereby we report this case with a review of literatures.

A Case of Recurrent Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Vulva / 대한산부인과학회지

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is an extremely uncommon neoplasm of the female genitalia. This tumor arises from soft tissue of the perineum, and affects predominantly young women. Although surgical excision with wide tumor-free margins may be necessary to obtain a complete cure, some of patients experience local recurrences because of the infiltrative nature of this tumor. We experienced a case of recurrent huge AAM on the right vulva in 29-year-old woman and reported it with a brief review of literature.

Factors Associated with Fear during labor / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Pregnant women have various fears and expectations regarding the impending birth. Fears can influence the course of the delivery and post-partum period. The DFS (Delivery Fear Scale) measures fear during labor and delivery in an effortless and fast away. The aim of this study were to compare DFS score and parity, maternal age, history of abortion, baby gender during an early stage of active labor (cervix dilatation 3-5 centimeters). METHODS: Review of the medical records from the department of obstetrics and gynecology from January 2004 to December confirmed 151 patients with the diagnosis of singleton pregnancy without medical or obstetrical complications, being in 37-42 weeks. 86 primiparous and 65 multiparous women answered the Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) once during active labor. Mann-Whitney test was applied to test possible differences between DFS and variable factors. Difference were considered to be statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS: Primiparous women had higher scores on the DFS than multiparous women during active labor. But DFS was not associated with maternal age, history of abortion, baby gender during an early stage of active labor. CONCLUSION: Women's psychological experiences during the actual process of labor and delivery are essential part of obstetrical care. Nevertheless, studies examining psychological variables concerning childbirth, are mostly performed before or after labor. The understanding of a fear during labor is to support the woman in labor in a way that decrease fear and the development of the DFS may facilitate future research in the field.

Misplaced IUD / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Intrauterine device is one of the most used contraception in the world. One of the major complications of intrauterine contraception is perforation through the uterine wall into the pelvic or abdominal cavity. The currently accepted treatment of choice for displaced IUD is its removal of surgical laparoscopy or laparotomy. We report on three cases with misplaced IUD in pelvic or abdominal cavity, followed by a review of the literature.

A Case of Spontaneous Uterine Rupture due to Placenta Percreta on 1st Trimester / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Placenta percreta is a extremely rare but it is accompanied by serious complication of pregnancy and its prediction is very difficult. Since spontaneous uterine rupture during the first trimester is an obstetric emergency, though it is rare, it is crucial that proper management should be taken promptly in order to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and motality. We present a case of the spontaneous rupture of the uterus in the 14th week of pregnancy with a brief review of the literatures.